Prime Minister of Finland
| Prime Minister of the Republic of Finland |
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|---|---|
 Seal of the Government of Finland |
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 Mari Kiviniemi since 22 June 2010 |
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| Residence | Kesäranta |
| Appointer | President of Finland |
| Term length | Duration of parliamentary convocation, coalition or upon resignation and removal |
| Inaugural holder | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud |
| Formation | 6 December 1917 |
| Website | official website |
| Republic of Finland |
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The Prime Minister (Finnish: pääministeri, Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Mari Kiviniemi of the Centre Party.
Contents |
Overview
Under the provisions of the new Constitution of Finland (enacted in 2000), the President nominates a Prime Minister after the parties in the Eduskunta/Riksdag (Parliament) have negotiated the distribution of seats in the new Council of State and the government's programme. Parliament must ratify the nominated Prime Minister with an absolute majority in a vote without other candidates. If the nominee doesn't receive sufficient support, then a new round of negotiations and a second nomination by the President follows. If the second nominee also fails to gain an absolute majority, then a third vote occurs, in which any member of Parliament can nominate a candidate; in this round a plurality is sufficient for election. The President's formal appointment follows Parliament's election.
The above procedure was first used to elect Anneli Jäätteenmäki to the Prime Ministership in 2003. Previously it was assumed that the President would nominate the candidate who in a third round of voting would have gained a relative majority, usually the leader of the largest party. Before the new Constitution came into force, full formal powers to appoint the Prime Minister and the rest of the Council of State had been the privilege of the President, who was free to diverge from parliamentary principles, although ministers appointed had to have the confidence of the Parliament.
The Prime Minister nominates the remaining members of the Council of State, who are then, with the consent of Parliament, appointed by the President.
In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Council of State (or cabinet) of Finland, and the position of Vice-Chairman of the Economic Division of the Senate was transformed into that of a Prime Minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti area of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland since 1919.
Since its independence (declared on 6 December 1917), Finland has had 71 cabinets,[1], including the current one, the longest lasting being the two cabinets of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, both lasting 1,464 days.
List of Prime Ministers
| # | Prime Minister | Born-died | Period | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 1st term |
1861–1944 | 27 November 1917 - 27 May 1918 | National Coalition Party |
| 2 | Juho Kusti Paasikivi 1st term |
1870–1956 | 27 May 1918 - 27 November 1918 | Finnish Party |
| 3 | Lauri Ingman 1st term |
1868–1934 | 27 November 1918 - 17 April 1919 | National Coalition Party |
| 4 | Kaarlo Castrén | 1860–1938 | 17 April 1919 - 15 August 1919 | National Progressive Party |
| 5 | Juho Vennola 1st term |
1872–1938 | 15 August 1919 - 15 March 1920 | National Progressive Party |
| 6 | Rafael Erich | 1879–1946 | 15 March 1920 - 9 April 1921 | National Coalition Party |
| Juho Vennola 2nd term |
1872–1938 | 9 April 1921 - 2 June 1922 | National Progressive Party | |
| 7 | Aimo Cajander 1st term |
1879–1943 | 2 June 1922 - 14 November 1922 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| 8 | Kyösti Kallio 1st term |
1873–1940 | 14 November 1922 - 18 January 1924 | Agrarian League |
| Aimo Cajander 2nd term |
1879–1943 | 18 January 1924 - 31 May 1924 | none (caretaker cabinet) | |
| Lauri Ingman 2nd term |
1868–1934 | 31 May 1924 - 31 March 1925 | National Coalition Party | |
| 9 | Antti Tulenheimo | 1879–1952 | 31 March 1925 - 31 December 1925 | National Coalition Party |
| Kyösti Kallio 2nd term |
1873–1940 | 31 December 1925 - 13 December 1926 | Agrarian League | |
| 10 | Väinö Tanner | 1881–1966 | 13 December 1926 - 17 December 1927 | Social Democratic Party |
| 11 | Juho Sunila 1st term |
1875–1936 | 17 December 1927 - 22 December 1928 | Agrarian League |
| 12 | Oskari Mantere | 1874–1942 | 22 December 1928 - 16 August 1929 | National Progressive Party |
| Kyösti Kallio 3rd term |
1873–1940 | 16 August 1929 - 4 July 1930 | Agrarian League | |
| Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 2nd term |
1861–1944 | 4 July 1930 - 18 February 1931 | National Coalition Party | |
| Juho Sunila 2nd term |
1875–1936 | 21 March 1931 - 14 December 1932 | Agrarian League | |
| 13 | Toivo Mikael Kivimäki | 1886–1968 | 14 December 1932 - 7 October 1936 | National Progressive Party |
| Kyösti Kallio 4th term |
1873–1940 | 7 October 1936 - 17 February 1937 | Agrarian League | |
| Aimo Cajander 3rd term |
1879–1943 | 12 March 1937 - 1 December 1939 | National Progressive Party | |
| 14 | Risto Ryti | 1889–1956 | 27 March 1940 - 19 December 1940 | National Progressive Party |
| 15 | Johan Wilhelm Rangell | 1894–1982 | 4 January 1941 - 5 March 1943 | National Progressive Party |
| 16 | Edwin Linkomies | 1894–1963 | 5 March 1943 - 8 August 1944 | National Coalition Party |
| 17 | Antti Hackzell | 1881–1946 | 8 August 1944 - 21 September 1944 | National Coalition Party |
| 18 | Urho Castrén | 1886–1965 | 21 September 1944 - 17 November 1944 | National Coalition Party |
| Juho Kusti Paasikivi 2nd term |
1870–1956 | 17 November 1944 - 9 March 1946 | National Coalition Party | |
| 19 | Mauno Pekkala | 1890–1952 | 26 March 1946 - 29 July 1948 | Finnish People's Democratic League |
| 20 | Karl-August Fagerholm 1st term |
1901–1984 | 29 July 1948 - 17 March 1950 | Social Democratic Party |
| 21 | Urho Kekkonen 1st term |
1900–1986 | 17 March 1950 - 17 November 1953 | Agrarian League |
| 22 | Sakari Tuomioja | 1911–1964 | 17 November 1953 - 5 May 1954 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| 23 | Ralf Törngren | 1899–1961 | 5 May 1954 - 20 October 1954 | Swedish People's Party |
| Urho Kekkonen 2nd term |
1900–1986 | 20 October 1954 - 3 March 1956 | Agrarian League | |
| Karl-August Fagerholm 2nd term |
1901–1984 | 3 March 1956 - 27 May 1957 | Social Democratic Party | |
| 24 | Vieno Johannes Sukselainen 1st term |
1906–1995 | 27 May 1957 - 29 November 1957 | Agrarian League |
| 25 | Rainer von Fieandt | 1890–1972 | 29 November 1957 - 26 April 1958 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| 26 | Reino Kuuskoski | 1907–1965 | 26 April 1958 - 29 August 1958 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| Karl-August Fagerholm 3rd term |
1901–1984 | 29 August 1958 - 13 January 1959 | Social Democratic Party | |
| Vieno Johannes Sukselainen 2nd term |
1906–1995 | 13 January 1959 - 14 July 1961 | Agrarian League | |
| 27 | Martti Miettunen 1st term |
1907–2002 | 14 July 1961 - 13 April 1962 | Agrarian League |
| 28 | Ahti Karjalainen 1st term |
1923–1990 | 13 April 1962 - 18 December 1963 | Agrarian League |
| 29 | Reino Ragnar Lehto | 1898–1966 | 18 December 1963 - 12 September 1964 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| 30 | Johannes Virolainen | 1914–2000 | 12 September 1964 - 27 May 1966 | Centre Party |
| 31 | Rafael Paasio 1st term |
1903–1980 | 27 May 1966 - 22 March 1968 | Social Democratic Party |
| 32 | Mauno Koivisto 1st term |
1923– | 22 March 1968 - 14 May 1970 | Social Democratic Party |
| 33 | Teuvo Aura 1st term |
1912–1999 | 14 May 1970 - 15 August 1970 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| Ahti Karjalainen 2nd term |
1923–1990 | 15 August 1970 - 29 October 1971 | Centre Party | |
| Teuvo Aura 2nd term |
1912–1999 | 29 October 1971 - 23 February 1972 | none (caretaker cabinet) | |
| Rafael Paasio 2nd term |
1903–1980 | 23 February 1972 - 4 September 1972 | Social Democratic Party | |
| 34 | Kalevi Sorsa 1st term |
1930–2004 | 4 September 1972 - 13 June 1975 | Social Democratic Party |
| 35 | Keijo Liinamaa | 1929–1980 | 13 June 1975 - 30 November 1975 | none (caretaker cabinet) |
| Martti Miettunen 2nd term |
1907–2002 | 30 November 1975 - 15 May 1977 | Centre Party | |
| Kalevi Sorsa 2nd term |
1930–2004 | 15 May 1977 - 26 April 1979 | Social Democratic Party | |
| Mauno Koivisto 2nd term |
1923– | 26 April 1979 - 26 January 1982 | Social Democratic Party | |
| Kalevi Sorsa 3rd term |
1930–2004 | 26 January 1982 - 30 April 1987 | Social Democratic Party | |
| 36 | Harri Holkeri | 1937– | 30 April 1987 - 26 April 1991 | National Coalition Party |
| 37 | Esko Aho | 1954– | 26 April 1991 - 13 April 1995 | Centre Party |
| 38 | Paavo Lipponen | 1941– | 13 April 1995 - 17 April 2003 | Social Democratic Party |
| 39 | Anneli Jäätteenmäki | 1955– | 17 April 2003 - 24 June 2003 | Centre Party |
| 40 | Matti Vanhanen | 1955– | 24 June 2003 - 22 June 2010 | Centre Party |
| 41 | Mari Kiviniemi | 1968– | 22 June 2010 - Present | Centre Party |
Interim Prime Ministers
| Interim Prime Minister | Born-died | Period | Party | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juho Vennola | 1872-1938 | 18 February 1931 – 21 March 1931 | National Progressive Party | Substitute to Svinhufvud, who became President of Finland |
| Rudolf Holsti | 1881-1945 | 17 February 1937 – 12 March 1937 | National Progressive Party | Substitute to Kyösti Kallio, who became President of Finland |
| Rudolf Waldén | 1878-1946 | 27 March 1940 – 4 January 1941 | none | Substitute to Risto Ryti, who became President of Finland |
| Carl Enckell | 1876-1959 | 9 March 1946 – 26 March 1946 | none | Substitute to Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who became President of Finland |
| Eemil Luukka | 1892-1970 | 3 July 1961 – 14 July 1961 | Agrarian League | |
| Eino Uusitalo | 1924- | 11 September 1981 – 19 February 1982 | Centre Party | Substitute to Mauno Koivisto, who became President of Finland |
Living former Prime Ministers
- Mauno Koivisto
- Harri Holkeri
- Esko Aho
- Paavo Lipponen
- Anneli Jäätteenmäki
- Matti Vanhanen
References
- ↑ Finnish Council of State. "The Cabinet in Office". Finnish Council of State. http://www.vn.fi/hallitus/en.jsp. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
See also
- Politics of Finland
- Lists of incumbents
- President of Finland
- List of Presidents of Finland
External links
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